The Giant Magellan Telescope’s Final Mirror Fabrication Begins

This news feature was adapted from a release by the GMTO Collaboration, posted here.

Pasadena, CA — The Giant Magellan Telescope begins the four-year process to fabricate and polish its seventh and final primary mirror, the last required to complete the telescope's 368 square meter light collecting surface, the world's largest and most challenging optics ever produced. Together, the mirrors will collect more light than any other telescope in existence, allowing humanity to unlock the secrets of the Universe by providing detailed chemical analyses of celestial objects and searching for signs of life on exoplanets.

"The GMT will revolutionize our understanding of the cosmos through innovative new technology combined with a world class site in Chile," says Lisa Kewley, director of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), one of the founding institutions behind the telescope's construction. "The telescope will answer some of humankind’s biggest questions about the first stars, the first galaxies, the secrets of dark matter and dark energy, and extrasolar planets suitable for life."

Last week, the University of Arizona Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab closed the lid on nearly 20 tons of the purest optical glass inside a one-of-a-kind oven housed beneath the stands of the Arizona Wildcats Football Stadium. The spinning oven will heat the glass to 1,165°C so as it melts, it is forced outward to form the mirror’s curved paraboloid surface. Measuring 8.4-meters in diameter—about two stories tall when standing on edge—the mirror will cool over the next three months before moving into the polishing stage.

At 50 million times more powerful than the human eye, "the telescope will make history through its future discoveries," shares Buell Jannuzi, Principal Investigator for the fabrication of the Giant Magellan Telescope primary mirror segments, Director of Steward Observatory, and Head of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Arizona. "We are thrilled to be closing in on another milestone in the fabrication of the Giant Magellan Telescope."

The most recently completed primary mirror is ready for integration into a giant support system prototype early next year for final optical performance testing. This testing will serve as the dress rehearsal for all seven primary mirrors. Once assembled, all seven mirrors will work in concert as one monolithic 25.4-meter mirror—a diameter equal to the length of a full-grown blue whale—resulting in up to 200 times the sensitivity and four times the image resolution of today’s most advanced space telescopes.

The Giant Magellan Telescope will be the first extremely large telescope to complete its primary mirror array. With strong operational infrastructure completed at the telescope site in Chile, focused manufacturing is taking place on the telescope’s critical subsystem before starting on the enclosure.

"We are in an important stage of fabrication, with much of the manufacturing happening in the United States," shares Robert Shelton, President of the Giant Magellan Telescope.

The 39-meter-tall telescope structure is being manufactured with 2,100 tons of American steel at a newly-built manufacturing facility in Rockford, Illinois, and fabrication of the telescope's first of seven adaptive secondary mirrors—a one for one pair with each of the seven primary mirrors—is underway.

"The combination of light-gathering power, efficiency, and image resolution will enable us to make new discoveries across all fields of astronomy," shares Rebecca Bernstein, Chief Scientist for the Giant Magellan Telescope. "We will have a unique combination of capabilities for studying planets at high spatial and spectral resolution, both of which are key to determining if a planet has a rocky composition like our Earth, if it contains liquid water, and if its atmosphere contains the right combination of molecules to indicate the presence of life."

The telescope is expected to see first light by the end of the decade, and will work to answer some of humanity's most pressing questions: Where did we come from? Are we alone in the Universe?

Both of the CfA's partner organizations – the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Harvard College Observatory – are contributing to the development, construction, and instrumentation for the GMT. For more information on the CfA and GMT, visit https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/facilities-technology/telescopes-instruments/giant-magellan-telescope.

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About the Giant Magellan Telescope

The Giant Magellan Telescope is the future of space exploration from Earth. Using seven of the world’s largest mirrors, the 25.4-meter telescope will produce the most detailed images ever taken of our Universe. It will uncover the cosmic mysteries of dark matter, investigate the origins of chemical elements, and verify signs of life on distant planets for the first time. The Giant Magellan Telescope is the work of the GMTO Corporation, an international consortium of thirteen research institutions representing six countries. The telescope is under construction in Chile and anticipated to be completed in the late 2020s.

The Universe Awaits at giantmagellan.org